Abstract
Directly terrorism does not aimed on the opponent, but acts of terror done anywhere and to anyone. The main purpose who want to be submitted terrorists is in order to act is of terror special attention or can be said more as a psy-war. The term terrorism and terrorist now has the meaning of political and often used to polarize the effects which terrorism was only the term of violence committed by the enemy, from the standpoint of the attack. terrorist acts can not be separated by political views that has relevance a tight between the offense Politics, the offense of violence, and finally the problem an extradition between the culprit who are categorized as terrorists. Terrorism increasingly was clear be a scourge of modern civilization. The nature of action, actors, strategic objectives, motivation, the expected results as well as achieved, targets as well as the method of terrorism is now increasingly widespread and varied. Now so that was the increasingly clear that terror is not a form of violent crime destructive usual, but is already a crimes against peace and security of mankind. In the face of terrorism strategies are needed preventive measures involving all components of the nation, without leaving law enforcement. The use of Military Force in order Counterterrorism is not something strange if the terms of aspects of domestic politics, and in international regulations, if the power of terrorism has lead to the threat of state sovereignty.
Keywords: Terrorism, radicalism, peace and security.
Introduction
In recent years shows that terrorism is very serious threat against individuals, and the community, the State, and international community. Terrorism is not ordinary crimes; it is an extraordinary crime even be classified into the crimes against humanity. Terrorism has an extensive network and is a threat to peace and national security as well as adverse social welfare, so that it is necessary to the eradication of the planning and sustainable so that human rights can be protected and upheld.
The word "terrorist" and terrorism derived from Latin word is "terrere" more or less means to make destroying or vibrating. The word of terror still bias caused the horrors and mysterius. But until now there is no definition of terrorism that can be accepted universally. Basically the term terrorism is a concept that has connotations sensitive because terrorism result in the onset of civilian casualties innocent. Evartly terrorism has a long history itself.
In dictionary espionage, terrorism interpreted as: " the power user or violence against unauthorized to intimidate, forcing, against and even kill people, the community, the government, for political interests or social purpose other."
Entering the 21st century, the modus operation of terrorism start growing by adopting the progress of communication technology, electronics, transportation and development of science in the field of chemical. The tragedy of September 11th 2001 is a concrete evidence of this development. Two commercial aircraft United States crashed into the building World Trade Center( WTC), and one more planes crashed into the Pentagon, which is the building central defense United States. From this attack thousands of people died and injuries.
World should not only combat terrorism that looks on the surface, but also have to touch the root of the problem and the main cause, such as the inequality and injustice that is still perceived by many circles in the international community. Along the development of science and technology, in the crime world keep abreast of this is evidenced by the types of new crime, which it is if in 1990s still discussed about the computer crime, but in the 2000s already discussed about cyber crime. It means that the criminal law is changing very quickly with new rules, which in this case also means that the principles of criminal law and the theory of criminal law which has been applicable to change or may not even can be used again.
The convention on international terrorism that has been adopted by the UN member states not convention that is a comprehensive because until now there is no international agreement on the definition of terrorism. The difference about definition of terrorism is located on the understanding of different about terrorism carried out by a group of the public against colonialism in a country and terrorism by developed countries to the public or the other countries in advancing peace and security.
Commitment the international community in preventing and combating terrorism has been presented in a variety of international conventions and resolution. UN Security Council emphasized that terrorism is a crime that threatens peace and security of mankinds, therefore it all members of the United Nations including Indonesia shall support and implement UN Security Council resolution is condemning terrorism and called to all members to prevent and combating terrorism through the establishment of regulations legislation is relating to terrorism in their respective countries.
According to William d. Purdue (1989), the use word terrorism is one method of delegitimation often use by side that has the military advantage. While the terrorists are individuals who personally involved in the terrorist acts. The use of the term terrorist extends from residents who are not satisfied to the non formal politics.
Crime terrorism is one of the form of crime international dimensions a very scary society. in various countries in the world has happened terrorism in both developed countries and state-developing countries, terror acts committed has been killed indiscriminately. Terrorism is an extraordinary crime in need also handling with the utilization of ways of outstanding for many reasons: First, Terrorism is a deed that creates the greatest danger for human rights. In this case of human rights to live and rights to be free of fear. Second, target terrorism is random or indiscriminate that tend to the expense of those innocent. Third, it is likely use of weapons of mass destruction by utilizing modern technology. Fourth, the like hood synergy negative between terrorist organization of national with international organizations. Fifth, it is likely cooperation between the terrorist organization with organized crime both national and transnational. The six, may be it is dangerous to international peace and security. Terrorism as a crime has developed into cross country.
In addition to by individual perpetrators, terrorism can be done by the state or known as the state terrorism (state terrorism). For example, Noam Chomsky called the United States in a category that. The issue of double standards always coloring a variety of the mention that initially started from the West. As when the United States of many calls terrorists to various groups in the world, on the other media coverage shows the fact that the United States take action terrorism a terrible up to violate the convention agreed. To date, the meaning of terrorism has a multi-interpretative angle view, however, although there is a meaning of the differential is, prevention against acts of terror it remains the attention countries, both national, intrnasional and that are regional.
Radicalism is sometimes likes Islam. radicalism among Muslims are more political compared to be religion. In some cases, the initial impetus could have been religion, but the next to be very politically. political developments in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia after World War II, be important factor development of radicalism new among Muslims. Driven disappointment to the military policy regarding the rationalization of paramilitary groups Muslims after the Indonesian independence on August 17th 1945, Kartosuwiryo of Islam rebellion against the government. This rebellion is the origin of business set up Darul Islam (IN) or Islamic State of Indonesia (NII), and Islamic Army Indonesia (TII). They want to establish the Islamic State, al-dawla al-IslÄmiyah, in Indonesia. However, rebellion to South Sulawesi and Aceh in the 1950s failed to the support of the majority of the Indonesian Muslim. In the end, Indonesian Armed Forces able to destroy the movements of rebellion radical.
The process of radicalization among Muslim community is not simple, the source is not only there are internally in the Muslim countries themselves, but also because of the external factors that pushed him. Therefore, the solution requires improvement of such as policy changes both internally in areas of the Muslims themselves, and as well as externally, he said the United States and the Western World general.
Pro Statement
The emergence of movement of religious radicalism can be caused a few things. First, disappointment to the democratic system which was considered secular, where religious not given place in the countries. Religion is the affairs of private should not be interfered by anyone, while the state of public affairs. Doctrine of democracy that puts people' s voice is God' s voice( vox populi vox dei) deemed to have subordinating the Lord. Therefore, the movement of religious radicalism is usually takes the form on the struggle Islamic state, theocracy or theological- democracy in terms of al- Maududi. Although the radical groups disappointed to the democratic system, but they take advantage of the momentum of democracy treat juangkan political aspirations. Second, disappointment to the depravity of social system caused by the powerlessness of the country to set of life society as a religious. In the context of Islam, religious radicalism this type usually takes the form on the Islamization of social system and the public by doing strict control of the social activities that diang gap immoral, stepped gar religion. radicalism this type can be expressed in the form per usakan to the places immoral, prostitution, gumbler and so. Third, political injustice. Religious radicalism can also emerged as the expression of resistance to the political system oppressive and unfair. A group that continuously being bullied and unfairly treated, it will appear internal solidarity and militancy to stay sur vive. radicalism this type usually takes the form on the opposition on behalf of religion against the government. Of the three things, the religious radicalism that appears in Indonesia mer upakan variety and mixing of models above. In a democratic country, religious radicalism, origin does not do anarchism social, must remain given space for expression. Therefore, the task of countries not how to silence the radicalism is, but channel through the institutionalization of political well. Thus, religious radicalism will remain controlled in the frame of democracy.
So far no limits of raw to define terrorism. According to M. Cherif Bassiouni, experts International Criminal Law, not easy to hold a sense of identical that can be universally accepted making it difficult to hold the supervision of the meaning of Terrorism. According to Prof. Brian Jenkins, PhD., Terrorism is a view of the subjective, which case is based on who defines at the time and certain conditions.
Terrorism is a term used for the use of violence against civilians/ non- combatants to achieve political objectives, in smaller scale than the war. In terms of language, the term terrorists from France in 18th century. The word Terrorism, which means in a state terror, derived from Latin "terrere" meaning trembling and "detererre" meaning fear. The term terrorism was originally used to appoint an enemy of territorial dispute or cultural against the ideology or religion do violence against the public.
Law enforcement strategies against terrorism refer to the development of an increase its activities in some countries good in Asia, Africa, and Europe as well as in the United States, require a fundamental change in terms of law and in terms of political and security. Change the fundamental law enforcement strategies very important if refer to the panel report a high level of the United Nations in particular regarding the three important pillar concept of" Collective Security Responsibility" (CSR) of all UN member states in the fight against terrorism. The war against Terrorism can not rely solely approach "criminal law conventional", which is based on the principle, "mens rea" and "actus reus"; an evil deeds should be evident from the other than its intention is also acts and consequently. The basic principle of criminal law conventional this realize a law enforcement reactive means of law enforcement aimed at the aftermath of acts consequences for victims and society. While in practice law enforcement against terrorism started after a result of prohibited acts consequences. bags basis of practice of criminal law enforcement that are "reactive" is the countries have difficulty to protect civilians/ its citizens to prevent acts of terrorism. In this case the face of terrorism an efficient and effective is to use prevention strategies oriented approach ''forward-looking". This approach allows carried out enforcement strategies that a proactive. Law enforcement proactive to terrorism requires legal consequences that is a change the principle of criminal law in the conventional need to be taken into account tential the concept based on the fact that occur from certain circumstances only without having to( wait) the occurrence of a result of actions in question. law enforcement strategies proactive allows the legal action intervention against the planning or preparation of action, terrorism before the consequences victims of people who are not sinned.
While understanding of terrorism philosophically that can be valid throughout the age is as follows: Terrorism is a crime that is not subject to any rule, because the truth value is located inside himself. On or passive terrorist activities arising sink, depending on the conducive or not communities who became'habitat' his life. fundamentalism or the flow of hard'Wahabisme' is most environments conducive to terrorism. The flow is already started to infiltrate the most of mind Indonesian Muslims. The use of deadly weapons by the terrorists who cause psychological impact of larger scale national and international. Even worse, among the bomber is suicide bombers( suicide bombers), which reminds us on suicide bombers in Palestine. In general, the bombing of such a very difficult accepted among Indonesian society; that there are among them to be cruel and inhuman.
In the Law No. 15 2003 on Combating Terrorism use the principle of depoliticization. Therefore, though the image of terrorism is always connotes political, but more emphasis to the deeds and consequently.
Terrorist acts can be done by individuals, a group of people or the State as an alternative of the statement war openly. State that support of violence against civilians use the term positive for the combatants them, for example, among others, paramilitary, freedom fighters or patriots. Violence conducted by combatants State, however more received from the conducted by the "terrorist" which is not comply with the martial law and therefore unjustified violence. State involved in the war also often do violence against civilians and not be labeled as terrorists. Although then appear term State terrorism, but the majority distinguish between violence committed by the country with terrorism, only limited to that the terrorist acts done randomly, uncompromising, the victim could have been military or civil, men, women, old, young even children, rich poor, anyone can be attacked.
In dictionary espionage, terrorism interpreted as:" power user or violence against unauthorized to intimidate, forcing, against and even kill people, the community, the government, for political interests or social purpose other." Indian National Security Guard, Act 1986, giving the definition as follows:" Terrorists are a group/ group/ individuals who have a purpose to attack the government or law enforcement with terror to the people or part of the community, with the action and activities by using equipment, bomb, dynamite, explosives, chemical substances, substances that flammable, firearms, weapons deadly poison, gas dangerous substances other types (biological and others) which can cause risks to natural and the environment, which may be as the cause, or can cause loss, wounding or even turn off the many people, individual or damage, destroying property, property or may cause chaos and interfere with the interests of the government or community life."
The study of beliefs, ideologies and narratives is a highly complex and contestable exercise. Whilst terrorist acts are never justified, the beliefs, ideologies and narratives of violent radicalisation, i. e. those beliefs, ideologies and narratives that maylead to terrorist acts are less clearly defined. Radical beliefs, ideologies and narratives are not in themselves illegitimate and may evolve, shift and be adopted in many complex ways. Some narratives may be shared by those who reject terrorist acts and some individuals may hold what might be considered by some as radical beliefs, ideologies and narratives but do subscribe to the use of violent action.
Originally developed opinion that terrorism and terror enough governed by the Book of Law Criminal Law (Criminal Code) where there are still the provisions governing crimes against public order, crimes against life, and crime destruction. For example, to date the Netherlands do not have the Law on terrorism but quite a deal with terrorism with the Criminal Code of her. It is to the "domestic terrorism" or terror that are domestic, still quite handled by applying criminal provisions in the Criminal Code applicable. But to realize a national legislation aimed at prevent and combating terrorism as a whole, both domestic and the international nature, and taking into practice of international law, it is necessary agreed in advance paradigm that will be used, so that direction of prevention and eradication is understood by all components of the Indonesian nation.
Based on this, the Indonesian government has set three (3) paradigm is seen fit in the context of political culture that developed, namely: the first, is the protection of the sovereignty of the territory of the unity of the Republic of Indonesia; the second, is the rights protection Indonesian citizens, both living in the domestic and abroad; and the third, is the rights protection suspect/ convicted criminal acts of terrorism is already a universal right and therefore should not be ignored. Treatment and application of the third paradigm into the legal policy should be right, balanced and contextual, namely by the basis on the conception" The balance Located" or" Equal Distance Concept." In this concept, the characteristics of terrorist activities and the culprit is placed as the main target, and third paradigm that surrounds the main target is a trinity that does refugees control, and at the same control the space for the main target is. Characteristics of the trinity of paradigm that was developed in the face of terrorism must be dynamic nature, timely and on the situation. In addition, the third function should be able to be carried out at once in accordance with their respective functions, namely: function of preventive, repressive, and rehabilitative. Policies and step in the prevention and combating terrorism by using the paradigm of the trinity is, it is expected will be able to maintain public life and the Indonesian people who orderly, safe, peaceful, fair, and prosperous.
Common ideologies that have underpinned terrorist organisations or movements have included to varying degrees Marxism, self-determination, and faith based ideologies. The core narratives and ideologies identified with these movements are often mediated through other more specific narratives of relevance to the context of the group in question, and have all stimulated a range of beliefs, ideologies and narratives that have been adopted by a range of violent radical organisations and movements. Such underpinning ideologies are also instrumental in that they are adapted, modified andrefined, without losing their essential core, to maintain explanatory efficacy and to fit evolving circumstances. The question of instrumentality is an important one as it highlights how ideologies and narratives may evolve and be adapted to fit changing circumstances and needs and are not static abstract concepts divorced from the contexts to which they are applied or the individuals, groups or populations that apply them. Such narratives of selflessness are also prominent in many frameworks of terrorist ganisations with almost all predicated on benefitfor others, be it a class, ethnic or national group or even the will of God. These support and enable the representation of the group as devoid of self interest and working in a noble cause.
Pro 2
Walter Laqueur, who spent his lifetime to investigate the phenomenon of terrorism, said it difficult to provide the definition of the right. He found, Terrorism can not be said to be a war because different away from the war. In addition, also are out of the field of guerrilla warfare, the revolutionary war, rebellion or conventional war. conventional war aims to the destruction in total, human and material, guerrilla warfare is a revolutionary war to cause physical damage. While terrorism tend to want damage results psychologically. Terrorism is often regarded as a guerrilla or one way that is not adhere to the principle of guerrilla war itself. In the action, both the murder, kidnapping, riots, the campaign and other action is always ignore all forms of regulations and procedures war. The victim in a terrorist acts most people, which at the incident near or together with the victims of the targeted and objectives.
Terrorism is understood that found the use of violent means and cause fear is legitimate ways to achieve goals. At first terrorism categorized as crimes against the country but gradually evolved into crimes against humanity. Terrorism has a variety of the characteristics, one of the characteristics of terrorism is the spirit of religious radicalism. The groups radical agamapun suspected to use the method of terror to achieve its interests. political violence in the form of terror is often used as a tool to achieve the purpose. jihadist groups of Islam in Egypt, jihad Islam in Yemen National Isamic Front in Sudan, Al- Qaeda- based in Afghanistan, JI- based in Malaysia or radical groups Jewish such as Haredi, Bush Emunim, Kach Kaheni in Israel is just examples of elements with the spirit of religious radicalism that tend to put forward the violence and terror.
Terrorist groups in various places in the world with carefully take advantage of the conveniences offered by the rapid development of technological advances and communication to achieve the goal. So in addition to keep using classical methods, terrorism is currently have the potential to create damage and loss of life much larger than actions similar hotels in the past. A possibility of the support this opinion is the possibility of the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) such as chemical weapons and biological by terrorist groups. However, old technology and simple fixed maximized their utilization by groups do it, as seen for example in the bombings in Bali or the southern Philippines. In short, space and opportunities owned by terrorist groups to run the action widespread. It makes terrorism as a serious threat because relatively difficult to determine when and where terrorist group will do its action.
Terrorism increasingly clear be a scourge of modern civilization. The nature of action, actors, strategic objectives, motivation, the expected results as well as achieved, targets as well as the method of terrorism is now increasingly widespread and varied. So that increasingly clear that terror is not a form of violent crime destructive usual, but is already a crimes against peace and security of mankind.
As a result of the meaning of negative contained in the words" terrorist" and" terrorism," terrorists are generally call themselves as a separatist, freedom fighters, forces crusade, militants, the Mujahideen, and others. But in the justification in the eyes of terrorism: "true meaning of jihad, the Resistance is far from the terrorist acts that attack civilians who was not involved war." In fact Terrorism own often seem to the name of religion.
The potential of thinking, being and act radical ideology radical( radicalism) and grow reactive be a radical (radicalization) is the initial capital of a person to be terrorists( terrorists) or a sensible terror (terrorism). No terror without radicalism. In contrast adherents of radical- ism is not necessarily like the street violence (terror). Nevertheless, there are in common language used by the radicalism and terrorist- me, namely language militants or language struggle.
Follow- terrorism policies indiskriminatif to the ordinary citizens who do not directly related to political objectives to be achieved terrorism carried out and also on the installation countries that is seen as a legitimate target in the conventional understanding of the conception of war. Terrorist groups are no longer engaged in a situation isolation which the facts show that the current terrorism is difficult separated from the development of criminal organizations transnational organized in various kinds and shape. Starting from the crime money laundering, illegal trade drugs and also arms trade illegally.
Contra
Crimes in a country is no longer just seen as the jurisdiction of one country but can be claimed including the jurisdiction of criminal act more than one country. According to Romli Atmasasmita in its development can then be conflicting jurisdictions may interfere with international relations between countries concerned in the handle cases of criminal acts harmful that are cross- border territorial. Crime terrorism using one form of transnational criminal countries a very threatening peace and the world peace.
Similarly need to be formulated on setting up, the way filed against officers who have one in doing their duties, by the people suffering from a result of the error and the right of their human has been violated, as many Government of a country in the prevention and action against acts of terror through a special arrangements that is an emergency, where the rules of emergency was deemed to have much breaking not only person' s right defendant, but also for human rights. Rules of emergency in such that has been authorized excess to the ruler in doing action against acts of terror.
Values of solidarity, duty and loyalty are also common in terrorist cells and are likely to perpetuate participation in violence independent ofbroader ideological and narrative frameworks. Likewise a narrative of love has been identified by some scholars in a number of movements that reinforces and maintains a deep seated sense of responsibility both between immediate colleagues, toward the cause, and the broader community in whose name the actions is undertaken, and from the broader community toward those fighting in their name.
Terrorist very difficult defined, vary depending time and conditions. Marighella stated definition as being approached the resistance guerrilla, as terrorism is considered as actions are in the middle between the guerrilla war action frustrating class of certain. The main purpose of terrorist is destroyed the economic system, political, and social community of a country, to be replaced with a new structure in total. Today terrorism to be profession fanatics to achieve his desire to the action murder, kidnapping or terrorism other. In the modern world, terrorism many aimed at the group middle- upper class, government officials or rich people.
Such narratives of selflessness are also prominent in many frameworks of terrorist organisations with almost all predicated on benefitfor others, be it a class, ethnic or national group or even the will of God. these support and enable the representation of the group as devoid of self interest and working in a noble cause.
The term terrorism describes the use, or threat of use, of violence against civilian targets for political or ideological goals. understood in this way, terrorism is a tactic that has existed for millennia. Despite this apparent clarity in broad definition, given the value laden use of the term, in practice terrorism remains a highly contested term, with over 100 diplomatic and scholarly definitions, and many gray areas.
State responsibility of which are as follows: first, state' s obligation to protect human life, not only punish terrorists as contained in the ICCPR; secondly, The obligation to protect civilians; third, The obligation to criminalize terrorist acts without breaking hakpenduduk civil; the fourth, The obligation to do" intervention" to the preparation and planning terrorist acts. To prevent arbitrariness and legal uncertainty in action radicalism and terrorism up to do not one of the target, necessary provisions for sure about the understanding of preliminary evidence and restrictions on the Intelligence Report, what can be included in a category Intelligence Report, as well as how the actual nature of Intelligence Report, so that can be used as a preliminary evidence.
Refutation
Terrorism is the attacks coordinated aimed at generate feelings of terror against a group of the community. In contrast to the war, terrorist acts not subject to the procedure for the war such as time the implementation of which is always a sudden and the target casualties random as well as often the civilians. The term terrorist by experts counterterrorism refer to the perpetrators who do not incorporated in the armed forces known or not obey rules of the armed forces them. terrorist acts also implies that the attack- terrorist attacks carried out inhuman and has no justification, the culprit ("terrorist") worthy of retaliation cruel.
In terms of historical, the term'terorisme' as a definition of suffering from the nature of inconsistent in him. This means that some individuals who previously known to the public as terrorism, at different times and altered state, has been a hero who hailed the community. Terrorism including in a category 'War of Inkonvensional' that is not subject to international law. As a result, press community can be subjected to terrorism, both howsoever caused, to deliver a variety of a message in order to cause panic and common fear the gripping. The state of uncertain facilitate the terrorists to lead public opinion to the desired direction them. Terrorism the environment, terrorism nubika, terrorism narko, terrorism cyber, it can be coloring terrorism in the future.
Many opinion try to define terrorism, among the meaning of the Article 14 paragraph (1) The Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1984, as follows:" Terrorism means the use of violence for political ends and includes any use of violence for the purpose putting the public or any section of the public in fear." terrorist activities have a view to make others feel fear thus can draw attention, the group or a nation. Usually deeds of terror used if no other way that can be taken to carry out his will. Terrorism is used as a weapon psychological to create atmosphere of panic, uncertain as well as to create distrust the community to the government' s ability and forced the public or certain groups to comply with the will terrorists.
In order to prevent and combat terrorism, since long before the rise of events are classified as a form of Terrorism occur in the world, the international community and regional and various countries have attempted criminal policy accompanied by the criminalization of systematic and comprehensive against acts categorized as Terrorism. In such a large losses caused by a follow- Terrorism, the government obliged to immediately investigate criminal acts of terrorism with memidana actors and intellectual actors behind the event. This top priority in the law enforcement, to do the investigation, necessary legal instruments governing terrorism. Based on the paradigm of the new law in the fight against terrorism with the law enforcement strategies proactive( proactive law enforcement) that approach "forward- looking", then necessary means of criminal law material and criminal law formyl to strengthen and support the new strategy is. International cooperation has an important part and integral in the prevention and combating transnational crime in particular terrorism.
The character "transnational" of terrorism lead to international cooperation is the demands absolute and can not be ignored because the event of terrorism is always network- related international organizations that does its activities in some countries. Activities in some countries of terrorism pose contiguity the jurisdiction of criminal of the two countries or more than two countries. In the context of contiguity, the jurisdiction of criminal in some countries the system applicable law in each country is one of inhibiting factor efficiency and effectiveness of international cooperation in the prevention and combating terrorism. Forms of international cooperation recognized under international law is the extradition, mutual assistance in criminal matters, transfer convicted person, transfer of procedural law criminal law enforcement cooperation and joint investigation. Forms of international cooperation commonly used is the extradition and mutual assistance in criminal matters.
The success of international cooperation is highly dependent of the legal system adopted by each country, legal system Civil Law or legal system common law. The legal system common law specialized in extradition more focused on the procedure judicial( judicial procedure) while the legal system Civil Law focus on the procedure administrative( administrative procedure). The difference view of the result in the absence of harmonization of international cooperation in both the extradition and in mutual assistance in criminal matters between countries. Deradicalisation derived from said radicals which means fundamentally (up to the principle): changes. While de- radicalization is a prevention efforts are done so that prisoners and former prisoners as well as the Great Dictionary English online. Another potentially involved in criminal act to do not do or not doing back of violence or terrorist acts.
Experience shows that with arrested, detained and punished through the court does not discourage or stop the perpetrators of terrorism to do the back action activities of violence or Terrorism. And the contrary to the activities taking of action/ Law Enforcement and accompanied activities Deradicalisation to the prisoners and former prisoners as well as the other potentially involved, show positive results/ Significant to prevent recurrence of violence/ terrorism because they are already aware to return on the real life. Activities Deradicalisation include 3 things are as follows: first, Rehabilitation (Recovery Morals/ behavior). This means that recovery to the position or state of the first or the original. In this case rehabilitation of moral criminals. Rehabilitation Program can be carried out in: Detention Centres (police custody), Roll the Prosecutor and the Court, Correctional Institution of society. Second, Reintegration (live together & sense of Togetherness) That is reunification; pengutuhan back, namely bring back into the unity: bring a person or something back to in the group or the unity that greater after long time/ out alienated.
Back to be the form of a thorough: restore something into something that is a thorough or intact. Third, Re-education (Learn More& Learning Back) That is re-education, and assess the science ever be obtained. Benefits/ the benefits of Program Deradicalisation are as follows: Counter Terrorism, Prevent radicalism, Comparison Faham, circumvent Provocation hatred of Hostilities On behalf of Religion, Prevent Society of indoctrination, Public Participation Reject Terrorism. There are three roles performed by military power to deal with terrorism: first, Anti-terrorism that are defensive the steps to protect society, the region, common infrastructure, as well as instructors information and communication of terrorism. Step anti- terrorism that are defensive this requires the ability of intelligence; the development of early warning; the ability maintenance of the region; secondly, prevention efforts terrorism to reduce, preventing and stop/ disabling terrorism. Third, comprehensive effort to help the government to overcome the consequences or the impact of terrorist attacks against the community and stabilize the state after attacks. Some of the ability to be prepared include among others to exert forces quickly to help victims of terrorism.
Conclusion
Most of the definition of terrorism that there is explained four kinds of the criteria, among others, the target, the purpose, motivation and legitmasi of terrorism is. It can be said simply that terrorism motivated by certain motives such as motive: holy war, economic motives, revenge and motives based on particular belief. However it should realize that terrorism is not a ideology or certain values in the religious teachings. it just a strategy, instruments or a tool to achieve the purpose. In other words “no terrorism to terrorism”, except because of motives of madness. terrorist acts is one of the form of crime international activities a very scary society. in various countries in the world has happened terrorism in both developed countries and state-developing countries, terror acts committed has been killed indiscriminately.
Terrorist acts can be done systematically with a view to destroy the sovereignty of the nation with dangerous action for the sovereignty of the nation conducted by using violence or threat of violence that cause atmosphere of terror or fear the widespread or give rise to victims are mass, or lead to damage or destruction of the objects vital strategic or environmental or public facilities or international facilities.
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